中国語文法ー単語篇「喜欢」

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中国語文法ー単語篇「喜欢」

中国語文法ー単語篇「喜欢」中国語【喜欢】(xǐ huān)は一般動詞と特殊動詞として使われます。

【喜欢】は日本語で「好きだ」という意味で、もしばしば動詞句や文形式の客語となる、

「…が好きだ」また「…をするのが好きだ」という意味で使われることがある。

 

平述文

「喜欢」は動詞として使われる

「喜欢」+目的語

例文:我喜欢动物。wǒ xǐ huān dòng wù

私は動物が好きです。

また動詞「喜欢」は目的語として動詞を従えることのできる特殊な動詞です。

「喜欢」+動詞+目的語

例文:我哥哥喜欢看书。wǒ gē gē xǐ huān kàn shū

お兄ちゃんは本を読むのが好きです。

否定文

否定詞は「不」と「没」がありますが、動詞「喜欢」の否定は「不」で否定します。

「喜欢」の否定詞は「不喜欢」となる。

「不喜欢」+目的語

例文:我不喜欢漫画。wǒ bú xǐ huān màn huà

私は漫画が好きではありません。

疑問文

「喜欢」+ 不 +「喜欢」+ 目的語?

「喜欢」+目的語 吗 ?

「喜」+ 不 +「喜」欢 +目的語?

例文:你喜欢不喜欢汉语? nǐ xǐ huān bú xǐ huān hàn yǔ

你喜欢汉语吗? nǐ xǐ huān hàn yǔ ma

你喜不喜欢汉语? nǐ xǐ bú xǐ huān hàn yǔ

中国語が好きですか?

上記の疑問文は同じ意味である。

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語教室・講師へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語試験へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 北京語へ

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中国語文法ー単語篇「准备」

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中国語文法ー単語篇「准备」

中国語文法ー単語篇「准备」中国語【准备】(zhǔn bèi)は名詞、動詞として使われます。

【准备】は日本語で「準備する」という意味のほかに、客語として動詞文型や文形式のものをとり、

「…するつもりである」という意味で使われることがある。

 

名詞として

例文:做好准备。zuò hǎo zhǔn bèi

準備が十分できています。

動詞として

例文:

准备发言。zhǔn bèi fā yán

発言をするつもりです。

「准备」+動詞文型

例文:

准备去图书馆借书。zhǔn bèi qù tú shū guǎn jiè shū

図書館へ本を借りに行くつもりです。

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語教室・講師へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語試験へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 北京語へ

中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題4

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中国語中級文法オンラインテストー穴埋め問題 4

中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題4

下に提示されているA B C D から回答を選択してください。一問は1ポイントとなります。

Welcome to your 中国語中級-穴埋め問題4

Name

Business

Email

Phone Number

1.警察 A 问了 B 半天,小孩子C 说出自己 D 是跟爸爸妈妈来商店买东西的。

2.刚才你 A 说的是 B 80 元,怎么C 一会儿的功夫就 D 变成 100 元了?

明明
3.老师 A 望着安娜 B 惊讶地问 : “你 C 怎么 D 快就交卷了?”

这么
4.天气预报说 A 今天下午 B 要下雨,你出门 C 带把 D 伞。

最好
5.我们 A 相信,毕业考试 B 同学们 CD 取得好成绩。

一定

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中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題3

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中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題3

中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題3

下に提示されているA B C D から回答を選択してください。一問は1ポイントとなります。

Welcome to your 中国語中級-穴埋め問題3

Name

Business

Email

Phone Number

1. 妈妈走 A 进客厅,手里举 B 一个破瓶子,对小明说 C : " 这是你干 D 的吗? " 

2. 这个消息我让 A 人告诉 BC 不止 D 三次了。

3. 这些留学生的汉语水平 AB 我们 C 想象的 D 高。

4. 这么复杂的问题,A 只有 B 他一个人能 C 一听 D 明白。

5. 这次展销会共展出各地 A 送来的B 3000 CD 新产品。


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中国語中級文法説明
1. 助詞“着”は動詞の後に用い、動作の持続を表わす。本問題には動詞が四つ使われているが、そのうち“举”の持続性が最も強い。文として“着”は“举”の後ろのBのところに置いて、“妈妈走进客厅,手里举着一个破瓶子,对小明说:‘这是你干的吗?’”としなければならない。

2. 助詞“过”は動詞の後に用いて、かつて経験したことを表わす。この文の中に動作を表わす動詞は一つしかない。即ち“告诉”である。したがって“过”をその後ろのBのところに置くべきである。“这个消息我让人告诉过他不止三次了”が正解である。

3. “更”は程度の副詞で、普通は形容詞の前に置く。そのため“更”は形容詞“高”の前Dのところに置くべきである。この文を“这些留学生的汉语水平比我们想象的更高”としなければならない。

4. “一……就……”はよく見らかる文型である。“一”と“就”の後にすぐ来るのは動詞か形容詞である。“就”は“一”の後にある二つの動詞或いは形容詞の間に位置する。この文ではDだけが“一”の後の二つの動詞の間にあるから、Dが正解である。この文は“这么复杂的问题,只有他一个人能一听就明白”としなければならない。

5. “多”は整数の後に用い、大体の数を表わす。その順序は普通“数词+多+量词+名词”となる。この文では数詞3000の後のCが正解である。この文は“这次展销会共展出各地送来的3000多种新产品”としなければならない。

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語教室・講師へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語試験へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 北京語へ

中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題2

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中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題2

中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題2

下に提示されているA B C D から回答を選択してください。一問は1ポイントとなります。
中国語中級テスト内容
部分否定 全部否定「不都」と「都不」
方向補語「来」と「去」

Welcome to your 中国語中級-穴埋め問題2

Name

Business

Email

Phone Number

 1. 山本虽然学习 A 不错 B ,但 C 也没 D 了不起。

 什么
Hint

2. 全体同学都 A 正在 B 参加 C 第六届演讲比赛做 D 各种准备工作。

Hint

3.安娜 A 回答的这些问题 BC 是错的,D 有几个问题回答对了。

Hint

4. 昨天,小王请 A 很多老同学 BC 参加婚礼 D

Hint

5. 真糟糕,我的护照忘带 A了,我现在 BC 宿舍 D 拿。

Hint


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中国語中級文法説明

1.指示代詞“什么”の用法はたくさんある。しかしここでは固定型文の用法として見るので、“有什么了不起”“没什么了不起”となる。それでDが唯一の正解となる。

2. “为+目的語+動詞+(目的語)”はよく見られる文型である。この文型中の介詞“为”の目的語は名詞性でもよく、例えば、“为人民服务” “为儿女操心”。他に動詞性でもかまわない。例えば、“为取得好成绩而努力”“为打败对手而加紧训练”。本題の介詞“为”の目的語は“参加第六届演讲比赛”で、動詞性である。“为”の位置を選ぶにあたり、あと参考になる記しがある。それは、副詞“正在”と“正”でよく“为+目的語+動詞+(目的語)”の文型の前に表れる。本題は、つまりこの文型である。それで、本題“为”の位置はBとなる。

3. “不都”と“都不”の否定の範囲、大小は異なる。“不都”は部分的否定で、“都不”は文全体の否定である。本題は我々に“有几个问题回答对了”と提示していて安娜の回答は正解の部分と間違っている部分があるので、全部否定はできない。正解はCの位置になる。

4. ここでの“请”は“邀请”の意味である。“请某人来做某事”というこの文型の中では、完成態の助詞“了”を表しているので、普通最初の動詞“请”の後にくる。Aが正解となり、“昨天小王请了很多老同学来参加婚礼”とならなければならない。

5. “回”と“去”はみな方向を表す補語です。“回去”の後に場所の目的語がある場合、この目的語は“回去”の間に置かなければならない。“回去宿舍”とは言えなく、“回宿舍去”としかできない。本題での“去”はDに置かなければならなく、“我现在回宿舍去拿”が正解である。

わが家へ帰ってくるのであれば“回来”、帰っていくのであれば“回去”である。すなわち、この場合の“来”と“去”は、主たる動詞の後について、動作・行為がどの方向に向かって行われるかを表しているのである。これを方向補語とよぶことにする。方向補語の“来”と“去”は、一般に軽声に発音される。
回来(帰ってくる) 回去(帰っていく) 跑来(駆けてくる) 跑去(駆けていく) 拿来(持ってくる) 拿去(持って行く)
进来(入ってくる) 进去(入っていく) 上来(上がってくる)上去(上がっていく)下来(下りてくる) 下去(下りていく)

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語教室・講師へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語試験へ

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中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題1

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中国語中級文法オンラインテストー穴埋め問題 1

中国語中級文法テストー穴埋め問題1

下に提示されているA B C D から回答を選択してください。一問は1ポイントとなります。

こちらは 中国語中級-穴埋め問題1 クイズです。

1. 从这儿到香山很远, A  骑自行车 B 大概 C 骑 D 一个多小时。


Hint

2. A 那道题 B 我自己都不明白,C 又怎么能给别人 D 讲清楚呢?


Hint

3. 明天晚上8点,我们要 AB 代表团 C 在迎宾楼 D

见面
Hint

4.我 A 这次外出旅游,B 估计 C 要半个月 D 才能回来。

至少
Hint

5.我们学校的礼堂真大,大概 A 坐得下 B 一千 CD 人。


Hint


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にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語教室・講師へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 中国語試験へ

にほんブログ村 外国語ブログ 北京語へ

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